La Grande Muraille est un ensemble de fortifications militaires chinoises construites, d\u00e9truites et reconstruites en plusieurs fois et \u00e0 plusieurs endroits entre le IIIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C. et le XVIIe si\u00e8cle pour marquer et d\u00e9fendre la fronti\u00e8re nord de la Chine. C’est la structure architecturale la plus importante jamais construite par l\u2019\u00eatre humain \u00e0 la fois en longueur, en surface et en masse.
\nPopulairement, on d\u00e9signe sous le nom de \u00ab Grande Muraille \u00bb la partie construite durant la dynastie Ming qui part de Shanhaiguan sur le territoire de la ville de Qinhuangdao dans la province du Hebei \u00e0 l\u2019est pour arriver \u00e0 Jiayuguan dans la province du Gansu \u00e0 l\u2019ouest. Sa longueur varie selon les sources. Selon un rapport de 1990, la longueur totale des murs serait de 6 259,6 km2. En raison de sa longueur, elle est surnomm\u00e9e en chinois \u00ab La longue muraille de dix mille li \u00bb, chinois traditionnel. Le li \u00e9tant une ancienne unit\u00e9 de longueur chinoise et dix mille symbolisant l\u2019infini en chinois. Ce surnom peut cependant \u00eatre pris dans son sens litt\u00e9ral par approximation, 6 700 km faisant 11 632 li dans sa valeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement consid\u00e9r\u00e9e de 576 m ou 13 400 li dans sa valeur actuelle d\u2019exactement 500 m. En moyenne, la muraille mesure 6 \u00e0 7 m de hauteur, et 4 \u00e0 5 m de largeur. En avril 2009, l’Administration d’\u00c9tat charg\u00e9e du patrimoine culturel, ayant utilis\u00e9 des techniques de mesure plus r\u00e9centes3, r\u00e9vise cette mesure et d\u00e9clare une longueur de 8 851,8 km dont 6 259,6 km de murs, 359,7 km de tranch\u00e9es et 2 232,5 km de barri\u00e8res naturelles, telles des montagnes ou des rivi\u00e8res. Le m\u00eame service a publi\u00e9 en juin 2012 une mise \u00e0 jour de son \u00e9tude, et estime d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 21 196,18 km la longueur totale de la Grande Muraille4,5. Cette nouvelle estimation prend en compte des parties actuellement d\u00e9truites.<\/p>\n
Depuis 1987, la Grande Muraille est class\u00e9e au patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO sous le num\u00e9ro 4386. En 2015, le constat est fait d’une nette d\u00e9gradation de l’\u00e9tat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la Grande Muraille due principalement aux conditions climatiques et aux activit\u00e9s humaines, et de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’intervenir rapidement pour assurer sa sauvegarde.<\/p>\n
#grandesmuraillesdechine
\n#tourismeenchine<\/p>\n
Ernest BONDAONE<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
La Grande Muraille est un ensemble de fortifications militaires chinoises construites, d\u00e9truites et reconstruites en plusieurs fois et \u00e0 plusieurs endroits entre le IIIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C. et le XVIIe si\u00e8cle pour marquer et d\u00e9fendre la fronti\u00e8re nord de la Chine. C’est la structure architecturale la plus importante jamais construite par l\u2019\u00eatre humain \u00e0 la […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1516,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[75],"class_list":["post-1515","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie","tag-la-grande-muraille-de-chine"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lesoleil.bf\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1515","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lesoleil.bf\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lesoleil.bf\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lesoleil.bf\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lesoleil.bf\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1515"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/lesoleil.bf\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1515\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1518,"href":"https:\/\/lesoleil.bf\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1515\/revisions\/1518"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lesoleil.bf\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1516"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lesoleil.bf\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1515"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lesoleil.bf\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1515"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lesoleil.bf\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1515"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}